Page 47 - Revista del Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del INEI - Economía, Sociedad y Estadística N° 9

study would have been impossible to do with alternative Last but not least, another contribution to the
sources of information, since there are no data of the development of public policies is the promotion
same quality and level of disaggregation for the same of research on internal migration, one of the most
years. And even in the particular case of migration, this important and persistent social phenomena in Peru and
variable is very well measured in censuses, and the that still requires much more research to understand
same level of depth could not be obtained using, for what is behind the different patterns and what effects
example, household surveys. Currently, there is much these would have in the future.
use made of the different household surveys collected by
INEI and other institutions, but the information already 6. CONCLUSIONS
collected in the same way should be used.
The present study had three main objectives. The first
Likewise, and in a more general way, this study seeks proposes a typology that simplifies the various migratory
to bring to public policy discussion both the different patterns between the four population censuses between
district migratory dynamics and the greater vulnerability 1981 and 2017. The result can be seen in Map No. 1,
of the districts of accelerated aging against negative and it is seen that there are roughly five large groups.
climatic shocks, as much of this population continues The first are those districts that always, during the four
to depend of agriculture as a source of income and censuses, have been mostly receiver, the second formed
food. It is hoped that these results can collaborate by those who have always been mostly senders, the
with the targeting of social programs focused on the third by those who have never had a high emigration
elderly population, such as Pension 65, and health, rate or high immigration, what we have called “Always
which should be interested in facing accelerated aging Ni-Ni.” The fourth would be those districts that, having
in areas within the country. been Ni- Ni, have become senders over time. The rest
of the districts have different trajectories, but together
No less important is to rethink the role of the state as a they represent only 16% of the total, so the previous
promoter of immigration to unpopulated areas, as was four groups are the most important in number.
once done with the Amazon. In this case, we probably
tried to repopulate areas of the mountains, which, as Each of these identified groups is interesting. The first
observed in this study, have the greatest emigration. is clearly made up of cities and regions with the highest
growth. It is not surprising to find in this group the
On the other hand, given the disaggregation of the districts of Metropolitan Lima, those of the cities of
analysis, it is possible to think policies are differentiated Arequipa, Trujillo, etc. However, it is notable that this
by zones. For example, the migration and aging patterns group also contains many districts in the regions of San
are very different between regions of the jungle, being Martín and Madre de Dios, which, although they are
very evident when comparing the Loreto region, which known for their greater economic growth, were not so
shows a low rate of immigration and emigration, with well known for their marked profile of migrant recipients.
that of San Martín and Madre de Dios, They have one
of the highest immigration rates in the country. Also, The second is, and the fourth are mostly concentrated
the realities are very different around the coast and in the Peruvian highlands, and verify the hypothesis that
the mountains, as has been widely discussed in the this is the region that has been depopulated more in
document. recent years. However, it is interesting to understand the
difference between those who were always senders, of
It also important to consider that the available statistical those who only became so during the last censuses. That
instruments could be improved to better deal with is to say, and there is an interesting heterogeneity, which
accelerated aging, such as specialized surveys in older is probably related to the greater national economic
adults, that allow knowing the public service demands growth and concentrated in the cities, but also to the
of these populations (similar to ESBAM, raised by the greater growth in the mountains, which contrary to what
INEI in 2012 for example ). one would have expected, instead of reducing migration,

47