Page 107 - Revista del Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del INEI - Economía, Sociedad y Estadística N° 9

CORE GOVERNMENT RESULTS

A. Trust In Government World Poll covering LAC as well as OECD countries. On
average trust levels in LAC reached 33.9% in 2018, 4.4
Trust in government is essential for social cohesion p.p. lower than in 2007, and below the OECD average
and well-being as it affects government’s ability to of 45%. LAC countries where trust in government is
implement reforms. Consequently, it is necessary for the highest are Costa Rica (48%), Guatemala (46%)
the fair and effective functioning of public institutions. and Paraguay (46%). In the other end of the spectrum,
There is consensus in the academic literature that trust trust is lowest in Argentina (26%), Venezuela (24%) and
influences the relationship between people and their Brazil (17%). Between 2007 and 2018 trust increased
government and has an impact on the outcomes of the most in Paraguay (29 p.p.), Ecuador (28 p.p.) and
public policy (OECD, 2017b). Jamaica (17 p.p.) while the largest reductions occurred
in Venezuela (39 p.p.), Uruguay (25 p.p.) and Colombia
The most comprehensive source for internationally (24 p.p.).
comparable trust data currently available is the Gallup

11.1. TRUST IN GOVERNMENT

FIGURE 5: CONFIDENCE IN NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN 2018 AND ITS CHANGE SINCE 2007
11.1. Confidence in national government in 2018 and its change since 2007
Percentage points since 2007 % in 2018
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
PRY ECU JAMGTM HND CRI PER HTI TTO SLV DOM NIC PAN CHL BOL MEX ARG BRA COL URY VEN LACOECD
Source: Gallup World Poll (2018).
Source: Gallup World Poll (2018).
Statlink https://doi.org/10.1787/888934093329
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888934093329
11.2. Confidence in national government by age group, 2018
B. Income Inequality and Redistribution
15-29 30-49 50+
70
Income inequality may have a negative impact on In LAC countries for which data are available, income
60
economic growth and generate social unrest due to inequality was lower in 2017 or the latest available year
disparities in access to economic opportunities and basic compared to 2000. Bolivia has reduced inequality the
50
services, such as education and health care. Inequality most (from a Gini coefficient of 0.59 in 2000 to 0.44
40
is measured through the Gini coefficient, it is 0 when in 2014). Uruguay had the lowest inequality (with a
30
all households have identical income and 1 when one Gini 0.40) and Paraguay the highest (0.52). However,
household has all the income. Income redistribution is income inequality is higher in all LAC than in the five
20
gauged here in terms of the difference between Gini most unequal OECD countries (which have an average
10
at disposable and market income. Gini of 0.38).
0
CRI PRY DOMGTM HTI BOL CHL ECU HND NIC VEN URY COL SLV JAMMEX TTO ARG PAN PER BRA LACOECD
Source: Gallup World Poll (2018).
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888934093348

11.3. Correlation between confidence in national government and leadership approval, 2018
60
107
50 CRI
BOL OECD
NIC
40 HND
CHL JAM
URY DOM PRY
30 VEN COL MEX ECU GTM
LAC
ARG SLV
20
TTO PAN HTI
10 BRA PER R² = 0.6422
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Source: Gallup World Poll (2018).
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888934093367

GOvErnmEnt At A GLAnCE: LAtin AmEriCA AnD thE CAribbEAn 2020 © OECD 2020 167